### CSIR JUNE 2011 PART B QUESTION 39 SOLUTION ($F_1 = \frac{\Bbb Q[x]}{I_1}$ and $F_2 = \frac{\Bbb Q[x]}{I_2}$) which is field?

Let $I_1$ be the ideal generated by $x^4+3x^2+2$ and $I_2$ be the ideal generated by $x^3+1$ in $\Bbb Q[x]$. If $F_1 = \frac{\Bbb Q[x]}{I_1}$ and $F_2 = \frac{\Bbb Q[x]}{I_2}$, then
1) $F_1$ and $F_2$ are fields,
2) $F_1$ is a field and $F_2$ is not a field,
3) $F_1$ is not a field while $F_2$ is a field,
4)neither $F_1$ nor $F_2$ is a field.
Solution:
Consider the polynomial $x^4 + 3x^2+2$, substituting $t = x^2$ we get a new polynomial in $t$ given by $t^2 + 3t + 2 = (t+1)(t+2)$. This shows that $x^4+3x^2+2 = (x^2 + 1)(x^2 + 2)$ and hence this polynomial is reducible over $\Bbb Q$.
Similarly, since $-1$ is a root of the polynomial $x^3+1$, we have $x^3 + 1$ is also reducible over $\Bbb Q$.
Result: The quotient ring $\frac{F}{<f(x)>}$ is a field if and only if $f(x)$ is irreducible over $F$.
This result shows that neither $F_1$ nor $F_2$ is a field.
### NBHM 2020 PART A Question 4 Solution $$\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}(1+2x^4)e^{-x^2} dx$$
Evaluate : $$\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}(1+2x^4)e^{-x^2} dx$$ Solution : \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}(1+2x^4)e^{-x^2} dx = \int_{-\infty}^{\inft...